Module 1: Introduction to Interoperability in Health Systems

• Core concepts and types of interoperability (technical, semantic, organizational)

• Barriers and enablers to interoperability in healthcare

• Global and regional frameworks (WHO, ISO, OpenHIE)

• Hands-on Exercise: Mapping a national health information exchange ecosystem

Module 2: Standards and Protocols in Health Data Exchange

• Overview of HL7 v2/v3, FHIR, CDA, and DICOM

• Terminologies and coding standards: ICD-10, SNOMED CT, LOINC

• Data modeling and transformation for interoperability

• Hands-on Exercise: Building a FHIR resource and validating with test servers

Module 3: Health Information Exchange (HIE) Architecture

• Centralized vs. federated exchange models

• Master Patient Index (MPI) and unique identifiers

• Interoperability in hospital information systems and EHRs

• Hands-on Exercise: Designing an HIE architecture for a regional health system

Module 4: APIs, Integration Engines, and Middleware Solutions

• Introduction to RESTful APIs, JSON, and XML in health data sharing

• Integration tools: Mirth Connect, OpenHIM, and HAPI FHIR

• Data mapping, routing, and transformation techniques

• Hands-on Exercise: Configuring Mirth Connect for EHR-HIE data exchange

Module 5: Data Security, Privacy, and Access Control

• Authentication, authorization, and encryption mechanisms

• Access control models in HIE systems

• Legal and ethical considerations in cross-border data sharing

• Hands-on Exercise: Implementing OAuth2 security in an API-based system

Module 6: Interoperability Testing and Validation

• Testing frameworks for conformance and compatibility

• HL7 and FHIR validation tools

• Monitoring and quality assurance in live environments

• Hands-on Exercise: Running interoperability test cases with simulated data

Module 7: Governance, Policy, and Institutional Frameworks

• National digital health strategies and governance models

• Roles of government, private sector, and regulatory bodies

• Managing data stewardship and consent frameworks

• Hands-on Exercise: Developing a governance checklist for data exchange

Module 8: Cross-System Implementation Case Studies

• Interoperability in hospital networks and national programs

• Lessons from DHIS2, OpenMRS, and iHRIS integrations

• OpenHIE reference implementations

• Hands-on Exercise: Mapping system interoperability between DHIS2 and OpenMRS

Module 9: Measuring Interoperability Maturity

• WHO interoperability maturity model

• Metrics and performance indicators

• Continuous improvement planning

• Hands-on Exercise: Assessing interoperability maturity for a sample health facility

Module 10: Case Study – Designing an Interoperable Health Data Exchange Framework

• Group simulation project based on real-world data flows

• Integration of EHR, lab, and surveillance systems

• Presentation and evaluation of interoperability design plans

• Hands-on Exercise: End-to-end data exchange simulation